Turning Learners into Developers
Command | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
DIR | Displays list of files and folders in current directory. | DIR C:\ |
CD | Changes the current directory. | CD Documents |
CD.. | Moves one directory up. | CD.. |
| MD / MKDIR | Creates a new directory. | MD MyFolder |
| RD / RMDIR | Deletes a directory (if empty). | RD OldFolder |
CLS | Clears the screen. | CLS |
COPY | Copies one or more files to another location. | COPY file.txt D:\Backup |
XCOPY | Copies files and folders (including subfolders). | XCOPY C:\Data D:\Backup /S |
MOVE | Moves files from one location to another. | MOVE report.txt D:\Work |
DEL / ERASE | Deletes one or more files. | DEL test.txt |
REN / RENAME | Renames a file or folder. | REN oldname.txt newname.txt |
TYPE | Displays contents of a text file. | TYPE readme.txt |
EDIT | Opens the MS-DOS text editor. | EDIT notes.txt |
ECHO | Displays messages or controls command echoing. | ECHO Hello World! |
DATE | Displays or sets the system date. | DATE |
TIME | Displays or sets the system time. | TIME |
VER | Shows current MS-DOS version. | VER |
VOL | Displays disk volume label and serial number. | VOL C: |
LABEL | Creates or changes disk label. | LABEL D: MYDISK |
PATH | Displays or sets command search path. | PATH C:\Windows\System32 |
PROMPT | Changes the command prompt text. | PROMPT $P$G |
HELP | Displays help for DOS commands. | HELP COPY |
EXIT | Exits from the command prompt. | EXIT |
ATTRIB | Changes file attributes (read-only, hidden, etc.). | ATTRIB +R myfile.txt |
CHKDSK | Checks a disk and displays status report. | CHKDSK C: |
FORMAT | Formats a disk drive. | FORMAT D: |
DISKCOPY | Copies entire floppy disk to another. | DISKCOPY A: B: |
COPY CON | Creates a file from console input. |
|
TREE | Displays directory structure in tree format. | TREE C:\ |
FIND | Searches for a string in a file. | FIND "hello" myfile.txt |
SORT | Sorts input and displays the sorted output.Content | SORT < names.txt |
MORE | Displays output one screen at a time. | `TYPE long.txt |
FC | Compares two files and shows differences. | FC file1.txt file2.txt |
SCANDISK | Checks and repairs disk errors. | SCANDISK C: |
DELTREE | Deletes a directory and all subdirectories. | DELTREE C:\OldFiles |
UNDELETE | Restores previously deleted files. | UNDELETE file.txt |
UNFORMAT | Restores a formatted disk (if possible). | UNFORMAT D: |
SYS | Transfers system files to make disk bootable. | SYS A: |
SET | Displays or sets environment variables. | SET PATH=C:\DOS |
COMMAND | Starts a new command interpreter instance. | COMMAND |
DEBUG | Debugs programs or examines memory. | DEBUG |
DOSKEY | Recalls commands, edits lines, and defines macros. | DOSKEY /HISTORY |
MEM | Displays system memory usage. | MEM |
DEFRAG | Rearranges files for faster disk access. | DEFRAG C: |
BACKUP | Creates backup copies of files. | BACKUP C:\DATA D:\BACK |
RESTORE | Restores files from a backup. | RESTORE D:\BACK C:\DATA |
Prints a text file. | PRINT doc.txt | |
MODE | Configures system devices (COM ports, printers). | MODE COM1:9600,N,8,1 |
FDISK | Manages disk partitions. | FDISK |
CHKDSK /F | Checks and fixes disk errors automatically. | CHKDSK C: /F |
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